Everything about Bulgarian Empire totally explained
Bulgarian Empire (
Balgarsko tsarstvo ['bɤl.gər.sku'ʦar.stvu]) is a term used to describe two periods in the
medieval history of
Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in
Europe in general and in
Southeastern Europe in particular, often rivalling
Byzantium. The two "Bulgarian Empires" are not treated as separate entities, but rather as one state restored after a period of Byzantine rule over its territory.
First Bulgarian Empire
The
First Bulgarian Empire was established as a result of an expansion of
Old Great Bulgaria to the territory south of
Danube River, and is usually described as having lasted between 681 (when its existence was acknowledged by Byzantium by means of a peace treaty) and 1018, when it was subjugated by the Byzantine Empire. It gradually reached its cultural and territorial apogee in the 9th century and early 10th century under
Boris I and
Simeon the Great, when it developed into the cultural and literary centre of
Slavic Europe, as well as one of the largest states in Europe.
Second Bulgarian Empire
The medieval Bulgarian state was restored as the
Second Bulgarian Empire after a successful
uprising of two nobles from
Tarnovo,
Asen and
Peter, in 1185, and existed until it was conquered during the
Ottoman invasion of the Balkans in the late 14th century, with the date of its subjugation usually given as 1396. (The last Bulgarian territory to fall under Ottoman domination was
Sozopol, in 1453.) Under
Ivan Asen II in the first half of the 13th century it gradually recovered much of its former power, though this didn't last long due to internal problems and foreign invasions.
In 1878 the independence of the country was finally restored as autonomy status. Independence of Bulgaria was recognized by Ottomans in
1908.
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